Music of Madagascar Wikipedia. The highly diverse and distinctive music of Madagascar has been shaped by the musical traditions of Southeast Asia, Africa, Arabia, England, France and the United States as successive waves of settlers have made the island their home. Traditional instruments reflect these widespread origins the mandoliny and kabosy owe their existence to the introduction of the guitar by early Arab or European seafarers, the ubiquitous djembe originated in mainland Africa and the valihathe bamboo tube zither considered the national instrument of Madagascardirectly evolved from an earlier form of zither carried with the first Austronesian settlers on their outrigger canoes. Malagasy music can be roughly divided into three categories traditional, contemporary and popular music. Traditional musical styles vary by region and reflect local ethnographic history. For instance, in the Highlands, the valiha and more subdued vocal styles are emblematic of the Merina, the predominantly Austronesian ethnic group that has inhabited the area since at least the 1. Bara people, who trace their ancestry back to the African mainland, their a cappella vocal traditions bear close resemblance to the polyharmonic singing style common to South Africa. Dangerous Beauty 1998 Torrent. Foreign instruments such as the acoustic guitar and piano have been adapted locally to create uniquely Malagasy forms of music. Contemporary Malagasy musical styles such as the salegy or tsapika have evolved from traditional styles modernized by the incorporation of electric guitar, bass, drums and synthesizer. Many Western styles of popular music, including rock, gospel, jazz, reggae, hip hop and folk rock, have also gained in popularity in Madagascar over the later half of the 2. Music in Madagascar has served a variety of sacred and profane functions. In addition to its performance for entertainment or personal creative expression, music has played a key part in spiritual ceremonies, cultural events and historic and contemporary political functions. By the late 1. 9th century, certain instruments and types of music became primarily associated with specific castes or ethnic groups, although these divisions have always been fluid and are continually evolving. Traditional musicedit. Distribution of Malagasy musical forms. Malagasy music is highly melodic and distinguishes itself from many traditions of mainland Africa by the predominance of chordophone relative to percussion instruments. Musical instruments and vocal styles found in Madagascar represent a blend of widespread commonalities and highly localized traditions. A common vocal style among the Merina and Betsileo of the Highlands, for instance, does not preclude differences in the prevalence of particular instrument types the valiha among the Merina, and the marovany and kabosy among the Betsileo. Similarly, the practice of tromba entering a trance state, typically induced by music is present on both the western and eastern coasts of the island but the vocal styles or instruments used in the ceremony will vary regionally. Music in Madagascar tends toward major keys and diatonic scales,6 although coastal music makes frequent use of minor keys, most likely due to early Arab influences at coastal ports of call. Malagasy music has served a wide range of social, spiritual and mundane functions across the centuries. Vocal traditionseditVocal traditions in Madagascar are most often polyharmonic southern vocal styles bear strong resemblance to South African singing as exemplified by groups such as Salala or Senge, whereas Highland harmonies, strongly influenced in the past two hundred years by Europeanchurch music, are more reminiscent of Hawaiian or other Polynesian vocal traditions. In the Highlands, and particularly in the 1. Musical performance in Madagascar has often been associated with spiritual functions. WiseLabs Bass Music brings you 150 monster Harmor presets perfect for explosive Dubstep, Electro and Drum Bass as well as experimentation in any other style. PDF Video Orchestra Romantic License Public Domain 4 movements 1 The Sea and Sinbads Ship Море и С1080. Music is a key component in achieving a trance state in tromba or bilo spiritual rituals practiced in several regions of the island, as it is believed that each spirit has a different preferred piece of music. The association between music and ancestors is so strong on the eastern coast that some musicians will put rum, cigarettes or other valued objects inside an instrument through the tone hole, for instance as an offering to the spirits to receive their blessings. Similarly, music has long been central to the famadihana ceremony periodic reburial of ancestors shroud wrapped mortal remains. Musical instrumentsedit. Madagascar Early 2. African, Indonesian or European origins. Instruments in Madagascar were brought to the island by successive waves of settlers from across the Old World. Over 1. Indonesia brought the oldest and most emblematic instruments, including the tube zither valiha which evolved into a box form marovany distinct to the island. Later settlers from the Arabian peninsula and the eastern coast of Africa contributed early lutes, whistles and other instruments that were incorporated into local musical traditions by the mid 1. The influence of instruments and musical styles from France and Great Britain began to have a significant impact on music in Madagascar by the 1. ChordophoneseditThe most emblematic instrument of Madagascar, the valiha, is a bamboo tube zither very similar in form to those used traditionally in Indonesia and the Philippines. The valiha is considered the national instrument of Madagascar. It is typically tuned to a diatonicmode to produce complex music based on harmonic, parallel thirds accompanied by a melodic bass line. The strings are traditionally cut and raised from the fibrous surface of the bamboo tube itself,1. Strings may be plucked with the fingernails, which are allowed to grow longer for this purpose. Reggaeton Vocal Samples, Moombah Drum Loops, Caribbean Festival Sounds, Latin American Melodies at Loopmasters. Keystone Festival Bar Hyde Park Barracks Museum. January 828. 14 nights The hottest live bands and DJs January 8. MOUNTAIN MOCHA KILIMANJARO ELECTRIC EMPIRE. The instrument was originally used for rituals and for creative artistic expression alike. However, beginning in the mid 1. Merina aristocracy to such an extent that possessing long fingernails became symbolic of nobility. While the tubular valiha is the most emblematic form of the instrument most likely due to its popularization by the 1. Merina aristocracy, other forms of the instrument exist across the island. In the region around the eastern port city of Toamasina, for instance, valiha used in tromba ceremonies may take a rectangular box form called marovany. While some regions construct their marovany from wood, near Toamasina the box is constructed of metal sheeting with much thicker and heavier strings that produce a different sound from the bamboo and bicycle cable valiha of the Highlands. The kabosy or kabosa is a four to six stringed simple guitar common in the southern Highlands moving toward the east, particularly among the Betsimisaraka and Betsileo ethnic groups. The soundbox, which is typically square or rectangular today, was originally circular in form, first made from a tortoise shell and later from wood carved into a rounded shape. Mandolina and gitara are the Antandroy names of a popular Southern chordophone similar to the kabosy but with nylon fishing line for strings and five or seven movable frets that facilitate modification of the instruments tuning. The jejy voatavo is a chordophone that traditionally has two sisal strings, three frets and a calabash resonator, although modern versions may have as many as eleven or thirteen strings, typically made of steel.